Biotope Information

BIOTOPE DESCRIPTION: ORINOCO RIVER BASIN Specific Location or Region Location: Vichada River (tributary of the Orinoco River). Region: Llanos (Tropical Grasslands and Savannas) of Eastern Colombia. Habitat Type The aquarium replicates a shallow caño (small stream) or a calm, slow-flowing marsh area in the Vichada drainage, characteristic of the Llanos during the low to medium water season. This micro-habitat is shaded, with high deposition of organic matter. Water Characteristics: Clear to Blackwater conditions (tannin-stained). The water is very soft (low mineral content), warm, and acidic (low pH). Substrate: Fine, light-colored sand or very fine gravel. Sand is preferred for the sifting and foraging behavior of M. ramirezi. Decoration: The tank features an abundance of driftwood, submerged branches, and fine roots, which create structure, visual barriers, and hiding spots. The bottom is covered with leaf litter (simulating decaying leaves and seed pods) to replicate the natural environment and release tannins. Vegetation: Primary coverage comes from floating plants and overhanging riparian roots at the surface, which diffuse light. Submerged aquatic plants are typically sparse. Featured Species: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi (Ram Cichlid or Butterfly Cichlid). Water Parameters (Vichada Natural Range): Temperature: 27°C – 30°C (81°F – 86°F) pH: 4.5 – 7.0 (Ideally 5.0 – 6.5) Hardness (GH): Very Soft Sources and References Used for Accuracy Geographic Distribution Studies: Research confirming the presence and habitat of Mikrogeophagus ramirezi within the Río Vichada basin and the Colombian Llanos tributaries. Field Documentation: Underwater videos and photographs (e.g., naturalist expeditions) detailing the physical structure, substrate, and leaf litter composition of the caños in the Vichada drainage. Ichthyological Data and References: Scientific profiles listing the typical physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, and softness) of the M. ramirezi's natural environment in the Orinoco system.